The History of Erie Canal

The History of Erie Canal During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the new nation known as the United States of America began to develop plans to improve transportation into the interior and beyond the great physical barrier of the Appalachian Mountains. A major goal was to link Lake Erie and the other Great Lakes with the Atlantic Coast through a canal. The Erie Canal, completed on October 25, 1825 improved transportation and helped populate the interior of the U.S. The Route Many surveys and proposals were developed to build a canal but it was ultimately a survey performed in 1816 that established the route of the Erie Canal. The Erie Canal would connect to the port of New York City by beginning at the Hudson river near Troy, New York. The Hudson River flows into New York Bay and past the west side of Manhattan in New York City. From Troy, the canal would flow to Rome (New York) and then through Syracuse and Rochester to Buffalo, located on the northeast coast of Lake Erie. Funding Once the route and plans for the Erie Canal were established, it was time to obtain funds. The United States Congress easily approved a bill to provide funding for what was then known as the Great Western Canal, but President James Monroe found the idea unconstitutional and vetoed it. Therefore, the New York State legislature took the matter into its own hands and approved state funding for the canal in 1816, with tolls to pay back the state treasury for upon completion. New York City Mayor DeWitt Clinton was a major proponent of a canal and supported efforts for its construction. In 1817 he fortuitously become governor of the state and was able to thus oversee aspects of the canal construction, which later became known as Clintons Ditch by some. Construction Begins On July 4, 1817, construction of the Erie Canal began in Rome, New York. The first segment of the canal would proceed east from Rome to the Hudson River. Many canal contractors were simply wealthy farmers along the canal route, contracted to construct their own tiny portion of the canal. Thousands of British, German, and Irish immigrants provided the muscle for the Erie Canal, which had to be dug with shovels and horse power - without the use of todays heavy earth moving equipment. The 80 cents to one dollar a day that laborers were paid was often three times the amount laborers could earn in their home countries. The Erie Canal Is Completed On October 25, 1825, the entire length of the Erie Canal was complete. The canal consisted of 85 locks to manage a 500 foot (150 meter) rise in elevation from the Hudson River to Buffalo. The canal was 363 miles (584 kilometers) long, 40 feet (12 m) wide, and 4 feet deep (1.2 m). Overhead aqueducts were used to allow streams to cross the canal. Reduced Shipping Costs The Erie Canal cost $7 million dollars to build but reduced shipping costs significantly. Before the canal, the cost to ship one ton of goods from Buffalo to New York City cost $100. After the canal, the same ton could be shipped for a mere $10. The ease of trade prompted migration and the development of farms throughout the Great Lakes and Upper Midwest. Farm fresh produce could be shipped to the growing metropolitan areas of the East and consumer goods could be shipped west. Before 1825, more than 85% of the population of New York State lived in rural villages of less than 3,000 people. With the opening of the Erie Canal, the urban to rural ratio began to change dramatically. Goods and people were transported quickly along the canal - freight sped along the canal at about 55 miles per 24 hour period, but express passenger service moved through at 100 miles per 24 hour period, so a trip from New York City to Buffalo via the Erie Canal would only have taken about four days. Expansion In 1862, the Erie Canal was widened to 70 feet and deepened to 7 feet (2.1 m). Once the tolls on the canal had paid for its construction in 1882, they were eliminated. After the opening of the Erie Canal, additional canals were constructed to connect the Erie Canal to Lake Champlain, Lake Ontario, and the Finger Lakes. The Erie Canal and its neighbors became known as the New York State Canal System. Now, the canals are primarily used for pleasure boating - bike paths, trails, and recreational marinas line the canal today. The development of the railroad in the 19th century and the automobile in the 20th century sealed the fate of the Erie Canal.

Just Win the Moment My Journey with Anxiety Professor Ramos Blog

Just Win the Moment My Journey with Anxiety I am jolted awake by people moving and music playing.Where am I?I wonder. I look around and see my friend’s mother next to me, whose shoulder I had fallen asleep on. Then I remember. I’m on my high school’s east coast tour,in New York City, on Broadway, inside a theater, seeingPhantom of the Opera. I feel so hot and cramped. It’s getting harder to breathe. I’m scared. My stomach turns in pain.Oh no,I think,I’m having an anxiety attack.I quickly climb over the people sitting next to me, not caring if I bump into them.I need to get out of here.I sprint up the stairs of the steep balcony.Where is the bathroom in this place?I burst through the opening to the main hallway and see an extensive line.So many people.â€Å"Is this for the bathroom?† I ask a girl standing in line. â€Å"Yeah,†sheresponds.Nonononononono. This can’t be happening. I NEEDto get out of here. Stairs. I see stairs. I go and sit down on the stairs and feel a moment’s relief of calm. I wish it had lasted longer. Then a man approaches. I look up at him. He has such a kind face. He looks like he works here. â€Å"You can’t sit there, Miss,† he says. I I become more upset. â€Å"I’m having an anxiety attack,† I say. He looks at me, confused. â€Å"I’ll be right back,† he says. He runs down the stairs and a few minutes later returns with a folding chair and acold waterbottle. He sets the chairupagainst the wall adjacent to the bathroom line. â€Å"Thank you,† I say to him. He nods and quickly disappears. I start to spiral down the rabbit hole. My heart is pounding, my ears feel like they’re stuffed with cotton, my vision is tunneling. I feel like everyone in the line is staring at me.Chaperones on the tripcome up and talk to me. I’d had a fever for four days straight until this morning, so they think I have a fever again.They try to give me medicinefor a fever, but I’ve already takenmedicine just a few hours ago. I try to tell them what’s wrong. They won’t listen to me. I can barely hear them;Ijustwish them and everyone else would disappear. I wish I would disappear. Suddenly, a woman is kneeling in front of me. She’saveryattractive, middle-aged, blonde woman. â€Å"Are you okay?† she asks me. She seems to be the only person who genuinely cares. â€Å"No,† I say. â€Å"Can I pray with you?† sheinquires. â€Å"Okay,† I say. She prays for me and I feel the slightest bitofcalm.When theprayerends,I am terrified again. God, please help me.This was all I could think for the remainderof the night. It only got worse after this moment. That night and the last 3 days of thetrip became a never-ending nightmare for me. The panic didn’t leave me until I got to the airport to fly home. I barely ate for those lastthreedays,feelingsick whenever I tried to eat. I thoughtthatonce I got back to California and was with my parents again, I would be back to my normal self. And I was, for a few weeks. Little did Iknow,those lastthreedaysof the tripwould haunt me in times to come. I’ve struggled with anxiety and OCD ever since I was in the third grade. I’vealways felt like the odd one out because of it. At times, even going to school was a struggle. It held me back from enjoying things and going on trips. Most people have a misconception of anxiety;they believe that it’s just a little bit of nervousness andthat theycan just say â€Å"Don’t worry!† and everything will be all puppies and rainbows. They’re wrong. Having anxiety is like being trapped in your own body. I remember many times when I would be sitting in class and would suddenly feel a rush of panic flood into my body, almost as if somethinghadbeeninjected into my bloodstream. Itwas so terrifying when it would happen that I became afraid of being afraid.Events and trips that used to be appealing and exciting to me increasingly became things I dreaded and avoided. My life gradually became sucked of joy and excitement and saturated with fear and loneliness. One of the worst parts about this struggle was that many of my peers didn’t understand it. I found it very embarrassing, and still do, to have a panic attack in front of other people. I had a friend who would occasionally make fun of my struggle, like it was some hilarious thing to joke about. It hurt me a lot becauseshewas one of my closest friends at the time and the fact that she made those jokes and no one else stood up for me made me feel even more alone and trapped inside of myself. I went to many therapy sessions, did EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), took medication,practiceddeep breathing, exercised, and listened to podcasts. While these thingsdefinitely helped, I still struggled to be calm again. Mymother(who is a licensed marriage and family therapist)and my fatherhave helped meimmensely. I remember one of the times my anxietyhadgottenreally bad, my dad told me, â€Å"Don’t think about tomorrow. Just win this moment, right here, right now.†Simplyfocusing on the importance of the present really helped take the pressure offme. Although I am not perfect, I have come such a long way from where I began, and through thisI have learned so many life lessons. No, it was not easy. It was incredibly painful and devastating at times. However, I made it through,and I continue to push through. Because of my experience with anxiety, not only have I been able to help some of my friends who struggle with it, but I have also been able to educate some of my peers about anxiety so they canhave a better understanding. As Leo Buscaglia puts it, â€Å"Worry never robs tomorrow of its sorrow, it only saps today of its joy.†, I am reminded to stay present in every moment and push my hardest to enjoy today, while today lasts. â€Å"Hot Auctions Hot BINs End Soon.†Welcome to ComicArtFans!, comicartfans.com/gallerypiece.asp?piece=595672. Leo Buscaglia Quotes.BrainyQuote. Xplore, n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2019.

The Three Principal Sectors of the MICE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Three Principal Sectors of the MICE - Essay Example After that the participants had to lobby the government for rebates and also had to persuade the companies to continue having business meetings and conferences and also to give incentives to their employees. This is important because when people come for business meetings they also spend on other things such as food, shopping entertainment and this revenue is earned by the destination that is the city or state. When revenues are received and business is growing, then investment is made by the government and the private sector as well to improve the facilities so that the can attract more business. This means that this industry ultimately leads to economic development of the destination. This report focus on the MICE industry of UK, its economic importance and trends, problems faced by it and how it can deal with these problems and attract more tourism. Economic importance for UK Economic importance of this industry for UK is that it provides a stable business for hotels as it had don e when the recession of 2008 affected the core business of hotels badly. The MICE industry of UK is also an important part of the tourism industry. As there are many people who come for meetings, conference etc. from other countries and therefore the money spend by them on recreation and other entertainment is actually generating revenue for the tourism industry. ... xford Economic and Deloitte showed that the MICE industry was the fifth largest industry of UK worth ?115 billion and employing around 2.6 million people and this is expected to grow to 2.9 million till 2020. In the year 2010, UK ranked number 6th overall in the world and is very competitive globally. This industry provides jobs and is one of the industries in which work cannot be outsourced to other countries thereby creating job opportunities for the local people. Moreover it also helps in building the community as it brings business not only to the cities but also to the rural and coastal areas. Other than that, it builds an image of Britain in the eyes of the world as Britain has become famous for the business conferences and meetings. (UK Tourism Growing Faster Than Other Industries, 2010) Historical performance in UK: MICE industry in UK has seen the largest growth in the last two decades. MICE industry of UK has been very competitive as it keeps updating its technology, revamp ing its venues and also building new ones. In the year 2000, UK was the second largest player in the conference market (after Australia) with a market share of 8.85%.in the exhibitions industry in UK, most of the exhibitions were for the service sector and on second number was the culture and recreation sector. The incentive sector at that time was still at its infancy stage and had a lot of potential to grow. (The UK & London Conference Market, 2010) The demand for MICE industry has been on a declining trend after 2006 but the largest downfall was seen in 2009 when demand fell by 22% due to the economic recession of 2008.A further decrease of 5% was also seen in 2010. UK has been one of the most popular destinations for overseas meeting. In 2009, UK ranked fourth in Europe after Italy and